Japan is often considered more
"Western" in culture than other Asian countries. Compared to the
United States, there are certainly a lot of similarities, but Japan and the
U.S. have many cultural differences as well. Here are some things that stick
out to American expatriates living in Japan.
1. Japanese attitudes toward religion: not Christian, and it's not
important anyway.
The vast
majority of Japanese people identify as Shintoist or Buddhist, or both at the
same time. Though Christian missionaries have been present in Japan for
hundreds of years, there has been little effect on Japan's religious identity
and philosophy. Therefore, issues that are based in typical debate in the
Abrahamic faiths, such as gay marriage or teaching creationism in schools, lack
a religious foundation in Japan. Japanese people's approach to Shinto and
Buddhism is also largely reserved to traditions, celebrations and superstitions
more than strong spiritual belief. For example, in America, a politician's
religious affiliation may become the cause of heavy debate, but there are few
such issues in Japan.
2. Japanese people tend to be more formal.
This is
a generalization that depends on which region of Japan we are referring to, but
overall Japan, especially Tokyo, is known for being "colder" than
most areas of the United States. People stand a relatively far distance apart
when speaking, and last names with honorifics are used. An example can be seen
in different approaches to customer service.
In
America, ideal customer service is usually warm and friendly. In Japan, it is
formal and unobtrusive. Waiters don't usually stop by tables to ask customers
how the food is and what their weekend plans are, and strangers won't often
chat while waiting for the bus. Physically touching is also sparser in Japan
than it is in America.
3. Japanese people are nationalistic but overall not very political.
Politicians
in Japan have a shockingly low approval rate. Politicians are quick to resign
after making mistakes, causing Japan to switch Prime Ministers almost once a
year since 2005. Japan has a Parliament system with many parties, and
politicians don't tend to win with a majority vote. In fact, Japanese people
have a notoriously low voting rate. On the other hand, Japanese people tend to
have a lot of love for their country, and celebrate their unique history,
language and culture in a way not dissimilar to Americans.
4. Though America is made up of people from many different countries, Japan
is overwhelmingly Japanese.
The
population of Japan is about 98% ethnic Japanese, and the minority of groups are Korean and Chinese people.
Because most Japanese citizens have an identical ethnic and national identity,
seeing people who don't appear to be of East Asian descent can lead to instant
assumptions of being a foreigner, whether tourist or temporary resident. This
can affect society in the sense that because Japanese people view their culture
as homogeneous, it is expected that everyone understands the traditions and
rules of society.
5.
Japanese people bow.
Japanese
people bow in more situations than just greetings. Bowing can be done in
apologizing and thanking as well. Though in business people might bow deeply to
a 45 degree angle, most bows are a casual bob of the head and slight incline of
the back. However, Japanese people are well aware that foreigners usually shake
hands and might readily offer their hands in greeting instead.
